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Vincent Willem van Gogh (;〔The pronunciation of "Van Gogh" varies in both English and Dutch. Especially in British English it is or sometimes . U.S. dictionaries list , with a silent ''gh'', as the most common pronunciation. In the dialect of Holland, it is , with a voiceless ''V''. He grew up in Brabant (although his parents were not born there), and used Brabant dialect in his writing; it is therefore likely that he himself pronounced his name with a Brabant accent: (:vɑɲˈʝɔç), with a voiced ''V'' and palatalized ''G'' and ''gh''. In France, where much of his work was produced, it is (:vɑ̃ ɡɔɡə)〕 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a post-Impressionist painter. He was a Dutch artist whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art. His output includes portraits, self portraits, landscapes and still lifes of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers. He drew as a child but did not paint until his late twenties; he completed many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life. In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, including 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints. Van Gogh was born to upper middle class parents and spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers. He traveled between The Hague, London and Paris, after which he taught in England at Isleworth and Ramsgate. He was deeply religious as a younger man and aspired to be a pastor. From 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium, where he began to sketch people from the local community. In 1885 he painted ''The Potato Eaters'', considered his first major work. His palette then consisted mainly of somber earth tones and showed no sign of the vivid coloration that distinguished his later paintings. In March 1886, he moved to Paris and discovered the French Impressionists. Later, he moved to the south of France and was influenced by the strong sunlight he found there. His paintings grew brighter in color, and he developed the unique and highly recognizable style that became fully realized during his stay in Arles in 1888. After years of anxiety and frequent bouts of mental illness,〔Tralbaut (1981), pp. 286–87〕〔Hulsker (1990), 390〕 he died aged 37 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The extent to which his mental health affected his painting has been widely debated by art historians. Despite a widespread tendency to romanticize his ill health, modern critics see an artist deeply frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence wrought through illness. His late paintings show an artist at the height of his abilities, completely in control, and according to art critic Robert Hughes, "longing for concision and grace".〔Hughes (1990), p. 144〕 ==Letters== The most comprehensive primary source for the understanding of Van Gogh as an artist and as a man is the collection of letters between him and his younger brother, art dealer Theo van Gogh.〔Pomerans (1996), ix〕 They lay the foundation for most of what is known about his thoughts and beliefs.〔("Van Gogh: The Letters" ), vangoghletters.org; retrieved 7 October 2009.〕〔(Van Gogh's letters, Unabridged and Annotated ), webexhibits.org; retrieved 25 June 2009.〕 Theo provided his brother with financial and emotional support. Their lifelong friendship, and most of what is known of Vincent's thoughts and theories of art, is recorded in the hundreds of letters exchanged between 1872 and 1890. There are more than 600 from Vincent to Theo, and 40 from Theo to Vincent. Although many are undated, art historians have generally been able to put them in chronological order. Problems remain, mainly in dating those from Arles, although it is known that during that period Van Gogh wrote around 200 letters to friends in Dutch, French and English.〔Hughes (1990), p. 143〕 The period when Vincent lived in Paris is the most difficult to analyze because the brothers lived together and had no need to correspond.〔Pomerans (1996), pp. i–xxvi〕 In addition to letters to and from Theo, there are other surviving documents including to Van Rappard, Émile Bernard, Van Gogh's sister Wil and her friend Line Kruysse.〔Pomerans (1997), xiii〕 The letters were first annotated in 1913 by Theo's widow, Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, who later said that she published with "trepidation" because she did not want the drama in the artist's life to overshadow his work. Van Gogh himself was an avid reader of other artists' biographies and expected their lives to be in keeping with the character of their art.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vincent van Gogh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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